“THE BEST WAY TO LOSE WEIGHT” ???
THE BEST WAY TO LOSE WEIGHT
By JENNIFER CORBETT DOOREN, from the Wall Street Journal & the Journal of the American Medical Assn.
A diet based on healthy carbohydrates—rather than a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet—offers the best chance of keeping weight off without bringing unwanted side effects, a study published Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association suggests.
Study participants following a low-glycemic-index diet, which is similar to a Mediterranean diet and focuses on fish, fruit, vegetables, nuts and whole grains, also saw improved cholesterol levels and other important markers that lower the risks of developing heart disease and diabetes. Such a diet might include minimally processed oatmeal, almonds, brown rice, beans and healthy fats like olive oil, among other foods.
The study was led by researchers at the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center at Boston Children’s Hospital and funded by the National Institutes of Health and the New Balance Foundation, which is affiliated with the athletic-shoe maker. It was designed to assess how each of three common diets affects the ability to keep weight off. Participants had all of their food prepared for them, and their food intake was monitored. They ate many meals at the hospital, picking up others to eat at home.
David Ludwig, one of the study’s authors and the director of the center, explained that most people struggle to keep weight off. Previous studies have shown that weight loss reduces the body’s daily energy expenditure—or how many calories the body burns through activity and just by resting—making it easy to regain weight. Dr. Ludwig’s study was designed to look at the impact of the three diets on measures of energy expenditure, in addition to assessing hormones, fat levels in the blood and other health markers.
Study participants following a low-glycemic index diet, which is similar to Mediterranean diet and focuses on fruit, vegetables, nuts and whole grains, also saw improved cholesterol levels.
The study’s 21 participants, 18 to 40 years old, initially lost 10% to 15% of their body weight during a three-month diet that contained about 45% of total calories from carbohydrates, 30% from fat and 25% from protein.
A month later, participants were placed on one of three diets for a month: a low-fat diet limiting fats to 20% of total calories; a low-carbohydrate diet modeled on the Atkins diet, limiting carbohydrate intake to 10% of total calories; and a low-glycemic-index diet, which contained 40% of total calories from carbohydrates, 40% from fats and 20% from protein. Participants were then switched to the other two diets during two additional four-week periods.
“The low-fat diet had the worst effect” on energy expenditure, Dr. Ludwig said. Participants on that diet also had increases in triglycerides, a type of fat, and lower levels of so-called good cholesterol. “We should avoid severely restricting any major nutrient and focus on the quality of the nutrient,” he said.
Dr. Ludwig said those on the low-carb diet had the biggest boost in total energy expenditure, burning about 300 calories more per day than those on the low-fat diet—about the same as an hour of moderate exercise. But that bump came at a cost: increases in cortisol, a stress hormone, and a measure of inflammation called CRP, which can raise the risk of developing heart disease and diabetes.
Those on the low-glycemic-index diet burned about 150 calories a day more than those on the low-fat diet without any negative impacts on cholesterol levels or various hormones, making it the ideal diet, Dr. Ludwig said. The glycemic index measures the impact of carbohydrates on blood-sugar levels.
A second study in the same medical journal showed that people in an 18-month weight-loss program that started with monthly meetings lost nearly as much weight as those in a much costlier program of the same duration with group sessions that initially met weekly.
That study, led by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh, found that the monthly program cut about $600 off the cost of a $1,360 traditional weight-loss program with the weekly classes.
Dr. Pinna says:
These studies are worthless! And, yet, because everyone is fascinated with obesity, these studies are all over the Internet and television.
The number of participants are too few for a valid study.
It really makes no difference what you eat, weight gain is a study in chemistry, and ultimately, physics.
If you consume more calories than you expend the extra calories are converted to fat. The glycemic index of the food may make the food more or less available for use,
There are hundreds of millions of starving people who eat nothing but rice, a high glycemic index food, who are skinny.
This means the glycemic index is irrelevant.
There are millions of people who eat the “Mediterranean Diet” who are horribly obese.
If you wish to lose weight, simply consume less energy (calories) than you expend energy (calories.)
I recommend dropping one or two meals daily.
Prior to civilization humans almost always ate one large meal perhaps once in two or three days—when they captured an animal or fish.
Between these large infrequent meals, people ate roots, berries, nuts and other plants.
Humans of that period were like the animals of the jungle today: very lean.
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